English
Türkçe
Allergic Rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a condition where the mucous membranes inside the nose become inflamed due to over-sensitivity to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, and animal dander.
This condition is typically characterized by seasonal or year-round symptoms. Common symptoms include persistent or recurrent nasal congestion, clear nasal discharge, frequent sneezing, and nasal itching. It may also cause itching, watering, and redness in the eyes. Allergic rhinitis attacks often worsen during allergen seasons or after exposure to allergens. It can be a chronic condition and may coexist with other allergic diseases like asthma.
The underlying causes of allergic rhinitis generally involve the mucous membranes inside the nose becoming overly sensitive to specific allergens. This occurs when the immune system is misled into producing excessive IgE antibodies in response to allergen exposure. These antibodies trigger a reaction with allergens, leading to the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes and the appearance of symptoms. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and overall immune system status can influence the development of allergic rhinitis. Additionally, frequent upper respiratory tract infections during childhood can trigger or exacerbate allergic rhinitis.
Treatment aims to manage the symptoms resulting from the nasal mucous membranes' excessive response to specific allergens. It typically involves reducing allergen exposure, medication therapy, and in some cases, immunotherapy (allergy shots). Protective measures against allergens, such as regular cleaning for dust mites at home or limiting outdoor activities during pollen seasons, can reduce symptom severity. Medication therapy includes various drugs like antihistamines, nasal sprays (steroid or antihistamine-containing), and decongestants, which help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Immunotherapy gradually desensitizes the immune system to allergens that cause allergies, aiming for long-term symptom control. The treatment plan is usually determined by an Ear, Nose, and Throat specialist or allergy specialist and tailored to the patient's specific condition.
